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自上而下和自下而上相结合提高大规模生态修复规划的实用性和效率——来自社会-生态系统的启示 Article

Zhaowei Ding, Hua Zheng, Jun Wang, Patrick O´Connor, Cong Li, Xiaodong Chen, Ruonan Li, Zhiyun Ouyang

《工程（英文）》 2023年第31卷第12期页码 50-58 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.008

摘要：

Ecological restoration policies and their implementation are influenced by ecological and socioeconomic drivers. Top-down approach-based spatial planning, emphasizing hierarchical control within government structures, and without a comprehensive consideration of social–ecological interactions may result in implementation failure and low efficiency. Although many researchers have indicated the necessity to engage social–ecological interactions between stakeholders in effective planning processes, socioeconomic drivers of ecological restoration on a large scale are difficult to quantify because of data scarcity and knowledge limitations. Here, we established a new ecological restoration planning approach linking a social–ecological system framework to large-scale ecological restoration planning. The new spatial planning approach integrates bottom-up approaches targeting stakeholder interests and provides social considerations for stakeholder behavior analysis. Based on this approach, a meta-analysis is introduced to recognize key socioeconomic and social–ecological factors influencing large-scale ecological restoration implementation, and a stochastic model is constructed to analyze the impact of socioeconomic drivers on the behavior of authorities and participants on a large scale. We used the Yangtze River Basin-based Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (CCFP), one of the largest payments for ecosystem service programs worldwide, to quantify the socioeconomic impacts of large-scale ecological restoration programs. Current CCFP planning without socioeconomic considerations failed to achieve large-scale program goals and showed low investment efficiency, with 19.71% of the implemented area reconverting to cropland after contract expiry. In contrast, spatial matching between planned and actual restoration increased from 61.55% to 81.86% when socioeconomic drivers were included. In addition, compared to that with the current CCFP implementation, the cost effectiveness of spatial planning with social considerations improved by 46.94%. Thus, spatial optimization planning that integrates both top-down and bottom-up approaches can result in more practical and effective ecological restoration than top-down approaches alone. Our new approach incorporates socioeconomic factors into large-scale ecological restoration planning with high practicality and efficiency.

关键词： Social-ecological system Ecological restoration Top-down approach Bottom-up approach

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A global synthesis of the effectiveness and ecological impacts of management interventions for species

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1741-x

摘要：

● Spartina abundance decreases over time by chemical control.

关键词： Plant invasion Biodiversity Meta-analysis Restoration Salt marshes Treatment timing

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湖滨带生态修复研究进展

柴培宏,代嫣然,梁威,成水平,吴振斌,吴振斌

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 32-35

摘要：

介绍了湖滨带的定义和功能，阐述了湖滨带生态系统恢复的不同阶段及管理方法，并对国内外的研究概况和发展趋势进行了综述和展望。

关键词：湖滨带生态恢复研究进展展望

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Eutrophication status and control strategy of Taihu Lake

ZHANG Limin, XIA Minfang, ZHANG Lei, WANG Chun, LU Jilai

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 280-290 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0062-4

摘要： The water quality and eutrophication status of Taihu Lake in recent years are presented and the pollution trends are analyzed. It is shown that because of unreasonable industrial structures, pollution discharge per GDP is high within the Taihu basin, and the pollution discharge from point and non-point sources exceed the basin’s environmental carrying capacity. Especially, excessive pollutants containing nitrogen and phosphorus are being discharged. Moreover, eutrophication may also result from internal pollution sources such as the release of nutrient elements from sediment. All these factors have resulted in the water quality deterioration of Taihu Lake. To solve this environmental problem, possible control strategies are summarized, including the control of internal pollution sources and inflow-river pollution, ecological restoration and reconstruction of the degraded lakeside zone ecosystem, clean water diversion, dredging, and manual algae removal.

关键词： eutrophication GDP capacity reconstruction ecological restoration

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筑坝河流的生态补偿

董哲仁

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第1期页码 5-10

摘要：

从河流的连续性特征出发分析了大坝对于河流生态系统的胁迫问题。指出要在自然-社会-经济复合生态系统中全面权衡筑坝的利弊得失。讨论了对于筑坝河流进行生态补偿的可行性，建议开展河流生态系统功能价值评估，建立生态补偿的合理机制。

关键词：大坝河流生态补偿生态恢复补偿机制

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Divergent Changes in Vegetation Greenness, Productivity, and Rainfall Use Efficiency Are Characteristic of EcologicalRestoration Towards High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin, China

Yang Yu,Ting Hua,Liding Chen,Zhiqiang Zhang,Paulo Pereira,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.012

摘要： Globally, vegetation has been changing dramatically. The vegetation–water dynamic is key to understanding ecosystem structure and functioning in water-limited ecosystems. Continual satellite monitoring has detected global vegetation greening. However, a greenness increase does not mean that ecosystem functions increase. The intricate interplays resulting from the relationships between vegetation and precipitation must be more adequately comprehended. In this study, satellite data, for example, leaf area index (LAI), net primary production (NPP) and rainfall use efficiency (RUE), were used to quantify vegetation dynamics and their relationship with rainfall in different reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB). A sequential regression method was used to detect trends of NPP sensitivity to rainfall. The results showed that 34.53% of the YRB exhibited a significant greening trend since 2000. Among them, 20.54%, 53.37%, and 16.73% of upper, middle, and lower reach areas showed a significant positive trend, respectively. NPP showed a similar trend to LAI in the YRB upper, middle, and lower reaches. A notable difference was noted in the distributions and trends of RUE across the upper, middle, and lower reaches. Moreover, there were significant trends in vegetation–rainfall sensitivity in 16.86% of the YRB’s middle reaches—14.08% showed negative trends and 2.78% positive trends. A total of 8.41% of the YRB exhibited a marked increase in LAI, NPP, and RUE. Subsequently, strategic locations reliant on the correlation between vegetation and rainfall were identified and designated for restoration planning purposes to propose future ecological restoration efforts. Our analysis indicates that the middle reach of the YRB exhibited the most significant variation in vegetation greenness and productivity. The present study underscores the significance of examining the correlation between vegetation and rainfall within the context of the high-quality development strategy of the YRB. The outcomes of our analysis and the proposed ecological restoration framework can provide decision-makers with valuable insights for executing rational basin pattern optimization and sustainable management.

关键词： Vegetation greenness Vegetation productivity Rainfall use efficiency Sensitivity Yellow River Basin

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Ecosystem health assessment of urban rivers and lakes

ZHANG Fengling, LIU Jingling, YANG Zhifeng, LI Yongli

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 209-217 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0007-y

摘要： The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological restoration. This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment. The results indicated that: Zhonghai and Nanhai are in the state of transition from unhealthy to critical state and all the other lakes are in unhealthy states. Water environmental quality, structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem, and the structure of waterfront areas were the constraints. Nanhai was ranked as poor and the others were all ranked as very poor. However, the ecological environment of Zhonghai and Nanhai were better than the others, the sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state were all close to 0.6. and the restorations of these lakes were moderate. The sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state of the other lakes were under 0.3, as it was difficult to restore these lakes. Some suggestions on scientific management and ecological restoration of the six lakes were proposed: $`To control non-point pollution and to improve the water quality of six lakes and the water entering into these lakes; $aTo improve the hydrological conditions of six lakes; $bTo rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem and waterfront areas.

关键词： unhealthy management ecological restoration Zhonghai non-point pollution

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华北地区生态保护与恢复的水资源效应研究

孙思琦,陈永喆,王聪,胡庆芳,吕一河

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 97-106 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.012

摘要：

近年来，华北地区实施了一系列生态保护与恢复工程，植被生态状况发生了显著变化；探究区域植被恢复对水循环过程及水资源供需平衡的影响，对于完善生态恢复策略、实现区域水资源可持续利用十分重要。本文采用皮尔逊相关系数和莫兰指数，结合多源水参量数据进行综合性分析，阐释了植被和不同水参量的时空变化情况，甄别了植被保育与恢复下的水资源变化响应，进而探讨了华北地区水资源与植被恢复的权衡关系。研究结果表明，华北地区的生态保护与恢复工程成效显著，植被净初级生产力的增速约为恢复工程区外的2.3 倍；植被的扩张与蒸散量表现出空间与时间上的强相关性；植被恢复引起的蒸散量提高是引起水储量赤字或显著降低的主要原因。为此建议，华北地区可完善生态恢复策略，在植被保育与恢复过程中考虑水资源的限制作用；以自然恢复方式为主，促进生态恢复的可持续性、水资源的可利用性。

关键词：华北地区；生态恢复工程；蒸散发；水储量；植被净初级生产力；自然恢复

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藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展模式研究

干珠扎布,胡国铮,高清竹,江村旺扎,旦久罗布,参木友,巴桑旺堆,杨富裕,魏学红,杨永平

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 93-98 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.013

摘要：

藏北高原是我国重要的生态安全屏障和高原特色畜牧业基地，而高寒草地退化严重制约着其生态和生产功能，给生态保护和畜牧业发展带来了挑战。本文在深入分析藏北高原生态治理与畜牧业发展状况的基础上，探讨了藏北高寒草地生态与生产功能的主要影响因素，提出了藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展的模式体系。研究表明，通过草地生态恢复、优化放牧管理方式、人工牧草种植、低海拔农区种草高海拔牧区养畜的“低草高牧”模式、冬季半舍饲养殖等一系列措施，能够推进高寒草地生态功能提升、促进草地畜牧业转型升级，实现“保护中发展”与“发展中保护”。相关研究将为治边稳藏、保障国家生态安全、增加牧民收入提供战略引导和科技支撑。

关键词：藏北高原生态修复草地畜牧业协同发展

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黄河流域生态系统变化评估与保护修复策略研究

牟雪洁,张箫,王夏晖,王金南,饶胜,黄金,柴慧霞

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 113-121 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.012

摘要：

黄河流域生态环境较为敏感且脆弱，长期以来受气候变化以及大规模、高强度的人类开发建设活动影响，流域整体性、系统性生态退化问题突出，生态安全形势不容乐观。为有效促进黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展，筑牢国家生态安全屏障，本文系统评估了近20 年黄河流域生态系统在结构、质量方面的现状及变化情况；总结了当前黄河上、中、下游存在的主要问题与不足，包括流域生态脆弱且整体性、系统性退化问题突出以及现有生态保护修复工作在体制与机制、投入力度、实施成效等方面的瓶颈制约；在此基础上提出了未来黄河流域生态保护修复策略。研究表明：近20 年来，黄河流域生态系统结构总体稳定，但部分类型变化明显，城镇显著扩张，森林、草地、湿地等有所增加，荒漠明显减少；生态系统质量整体改善，并以中游地区较为显著，但局部仍存在退化情况，尤其以下游地区较为显著。为此，本文建议，应通过系统评估生态工程实施成效、因地制宜推进生态保护修复、创新建立生态产品价值实现机制3 个方面加强黄河流域生态保护修复，保障区域生态安全。

关键词：黄河流域生态系统评估保护修复

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River restoration challenges with a specific view on hydromorphology

Jianhua LI, Stephan HOERBINGER, Clemens WEISSTEINER, Lingmin PENG, Hans Peter RAUCH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 1033-1038 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0665-9

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Trajectory planning and base attitude restoration of dual-arm free-floating space robot by enhanced bidirectional

Zongwu XIE1 , Xiaoyu ZHAO1 , Zainan JIANG1 , Haitao YANG2 , Chongyang LI1

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0658-y

摘要： When free-floating space robots perform space tasks, the satellite base attitude is disturbed by the dynamic coupling. The disturbance of the base orientation may affect the communication between the space robot and the control center on earth. In this paper, the enhanced bidirectional approach is proposed to plan the manipulator trajectory and eliminate the final base attitude variation. A novel acceleration level state equation for the nonholonomic problem is proposed, and a new intermediate variable-based Lyapunov function is derived and solved for smooth joint trajectory and restorable base trajectories. In the method, the state equation is first proposed for dual-arm robots with and without end constraints, and the system stability is analyzed to obtain the system input. The input modification further increases the system stability and simplifies the calculation complexity. Simulations are carried out in the end, and the proposed method is validated in minimizing final base attitude change and trajectory smoothness. Moreover, the minute internal force during the coordinated operation and the considerable computing efficiency increases the feasibility of the method during space tasks.

关键词： free-floating space robot dual arm coordinated operation base attitude restoration bidirectional approach

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黄土高原生态重建的水沙效应研究 Article

孙彭成, 吴一平, 杨志峰, Bellie Sivakumar, 邱临静, 刘曙光, 蔡宴朋

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 855-864 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.014

摘要：

黄土高原是全球土壤侵蚀最为严重的区域之一，也是黄河泥沙的主要来源。自20世纪50年代大规模水土保持措施实施以来，该地区入黄泥沙量持续减少,流域内泥沙来源与输移机制变得更为复杂，对水土保持措施作用下的河流输沙及变异特征的研究一直是学界关注的重点。本文以水土保持治理成效最为显著的黄土丘陵沟壑区的典型区域为研究对象，采用近50年的水沙观测数据，分析水土保持作用下流域水沙关系演变。结果表明，水土保持措施的实施引发流域水沙关系的显著变化，具体表现为幂指数水沙关系中系数的减小和指数的增加，且前阶段指数增加缓慢而后期增加剧烈。幂指数的增加表征新的更加陡峭的水沙关系曲线，意味着流域年际输沙变异程度或将增强。此外，新旧水沙关系曲线存在一个临界交点，在新的水沙关系条件下，低于临界流量的径流将输移更少的泥沙，这也是该地区泥沙输移新的主导状态；然而，大于临界流量的极端径流也有可能引发更强的泥沙输移。因此，本文认为黄土高原的低泥沙输移未必是一种新常态，极端洪水条件下仍有强输沙的可能性而需增强防范。

关键词：流域水沙关系生态恢复黄土丘陵沟壑区泥沙输移水沙关系参数

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Restoration of hyper-eutrophic water with a modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant

Jinzhong LI, Xueju LI, Shujuan SUN, Xuegong LIU, Suiliang HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 573-584 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0363-x

摘要： A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed (CSPB) which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper. This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as frequently changed water depth, impaired water transparency, algae bloom and substantial duckweed in summer, which are not naturally suitable for growing hydrophyte. This pilot study in Waihuan River of Tianjin, China, revealed that reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) by the use of CSPB could be reached 30%–35%, 35%–40%, 30%–40% respectively in the growing season (from March to October) and 5%–10%, 5%–15%, 7%–20% respectively in the winter (from November to February) when the detention time was 6 d. The relationships between the concentration of COD, TN, TP and the detention time fit the first-order kinetic equation well and the coefficients of determination ( ) were all above 0.9. The attenuation coefficients k of the kinetic equation were a function of the water temperature. When the water temperature was quite low or quite high, was not significantly changed with increasing or decreasing water temperature. While when the temperature was in a moderate range, an increase or decrease of water temperature would lead to a rapid increase or decrease in .

关键词： modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed water purification eco-restoration techniques aquatic plants eutrophication

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020344

摘要：

Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River basin has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency of and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the Yangtze River basin and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

关键词： atmospheric deposition / ecological impacts / nitrogen sources / nutrients / Yangtze delta

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标题作者时间类型操作

自上而下和自下而上相结合提高大规模生态修复规划的实用性和效率——来自社会-生态系统的启示

Zhaowei Ding, Hua Zheng, Jun Wang, Patrick O´Connor, Cong Li, Xiaodong Chen, Ruonan Li, Zhiyun Ouyang

期刊论文

A global synthesis of the effectiveness and ecological impacts of management interventions for species

期刊论文

湖滨带生态修复研究进展

柴培宏,代嫣然,梁威,成水平,吴振斌,吴振斌

期刊论文

Eutrophication status and control strategy of Taihu Lake

ZHANG Limin, XIA Minfang, ZHANG Lei, WANG Chun, LU Jilai

期刊论文

筑坝河流的生态补偿

董哲仁

期刊论文

Divergent Changes in Vegetation Greenness, Productivity, and Rainfall Use Efficiency Are Characteristic of EcologicalRestoration Towards High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin, China

Yang Yu,Ting Hua,Liding Chen,Zhiqiang Zhang,Paulo Pereira,

期刊论文

Ecosystem health assessment of urban rivers and lakes

ZHANG Fengling, LIU Jingling, YANG Zhifeng, LI Yongli

期刊论文

华北地区生态保护与恢复的水资源效应研究

孙思琦,陈永喆,王聪,胡庆芳,吕一河

期刊论文

藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展模式研究

干珠扎布,胡国铮,高清竹,江村旺扎,旦久罗布,参木友,巴桑旺堆,杨富裕,魏学红,杨永平

期刊论文

黄河流域生态系统变化评估与保护修复策略研究